衛(wèi)生類職稱英語考試語法：

3、現(xiàn)在完成時

表示動作發(fā)生在過去，完成在過去，但強調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結果或影響仍存在。現(xiàn)在完成時有一些標志性的時間狀語：

考點一：for + 時間段；since + 時間點

They have lived in Beijing for five years.

They have lived in Beijing since 1995.

I have learned English for ten years.

考點二：常見的不確定的時間狀語：lately； recently，just，already，yet，up to now； till now； so far，these days，

Has it stopped raining yet?

考點三：在表示“最近幾世紀/ 年/ 月以來……”時間狀語中，謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。

in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years； during the last three months； for the last few centuries，through centuries； throughout history 等

考點四：表示“第幾次做某事，”或在 “It is the best （worst，most interesting ） +名詞 ＋that” 后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時。

This is my first time that I have visited China.

This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.

That is the only book that he has written.

4.一般過去時

表在過去某個特定時間發(fā)生且完成的動作，或過去習慣性動作，不強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。常跟明確的過去時間連用，如：yesterday； last week； in 1945，at that time； once； during the war； before； a few days ago； when，注意：

考點一：used to + do，表示過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習慣動作。to為不定式，后接動詞原形。

be/become/get used to + doing，表示習慣于

He used to smoke a lot.

He has got used to getting up early.

考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替過去將來時。

He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise

5.過去進行時

表示過去某個時間點或某段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動作。

The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.

He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.

What were you doing at nine last night?

The radio was being repaired when you called me.

6.過去完成時

表示過去某個時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，即過去完成時的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，句中有明顯的參照動作或時間狀語，這種時態(tài)從來不孤立使用 （ before，after，by，up till ）

There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.

By the end of last term we had finished the book.

They finished earlier than we had expected.

考點一：用于hardly/scarcely……when； no sooner ……than 句型中，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。

I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.

I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.

No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.（注意主謂倒裝）

考點二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過去時，從句用過去完成時。

That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.

It was 3 years since we had parted.

考點三：動詞hope，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppose，plan 用過去完成時，表示未實現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖。

I had hoped that I could do the job.

I had intended to see you but I was too busy.